1239 CE: Birth of Edward I of England.

1254 CE: Prince Edward (future Edward I of England) marries Eleanor of Castile.

1264 CE: Simon de Montfort imprisons Henry III of England and Prince Edward and declares himself king.

1265 CE: Prince Edward, future Edward I of England, manages to escape his captors and form a royalist army to try and reinstate his father, Henry III of England.

1265 CE: Prince Edward, future Edward I of England, defeats the pretender Simon de Montfort at Evesham.

1272 CE - 1307 CE: Reign of Edward I of England.

1272 CE: Death of Henry III of England of a stroke.

1274 CE: Edward I of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey.

1275 CE: The Statute of Westminster encodes 51 new laws, many based on the Magna Carta.

1276 CE: An army of Edward I of England defeats Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, then Prince of Wales.

1283 CE - 1292 CE: Conwy Castle in Wales is built by Edward I of England.

1283 CE - 1330 CE: Caernarfon Castle in Wales is built, a project begun by Edward I of England.

1283 CE - 1330 CE: Harlech Castle in Wales is built by Edward I of England.

1284 CE: The Statute of Rhuddlan redivides Wales into shires on the English model of local administration.

1284 CE: Edward II of England is born in Caernarfon Castle in Wales.

1287 CE - 1290 CE: Edward I of England expels all Jews from his kingdom.

1290 CE: Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England and wife of Edward I, dies.

1291 CE: A great court is arranged by Edward I of England at Berwick to decide the next king of Scotland: the Great Cause.

1292 CE: Edward I of England selects John Balliol as the new king of Scotland.

1294 CE: The Welsh leader Madog ap Llywelyn attacks and burns Caernarfon Castle.

1294 CE - 1295 CE: Harlech Castle is twice attacked by the Welsh rebel leader Madog ap Llywelyn.

1294 CE - 1295 CE: King Edward I of England is trapped at Conwy Castle over the winter by a force of Welsh rebels.

1295 CE: England's Model Parliament meets for the first time.

1295 CE: Beaumaris Castle in Wales is built by Edward I of England.

1295 CE: Edward I of England recaptures Caernarfon Castle in Wales.

1295 CE: Scotland formally allies itself with France against England, the beginning of the 'Auld Alliance'.

1296 CE: Edward I of England captures Edinburgh Castle.

1296 CE - 1299 CE: John Balliol, King of Scotland, is imprisoned in the Tower of London by Edward I of England.

1296 CE: John Balliol, King of Scotland, renounces his fealty to Edward I of England.

1296 CE: John Balliol, king of Scotland, surrenders to an English army after defeat at the Battle of Dunbar. Edward I of England removes the Stone of Scone to Westminster Abbey.

1296 CE: John Balliol, King of Scotland, is publicly stripped of his crown and royal insignia.

1297 CE: A small force led by William Wallace attacks and kills the English sheriff at Lanark.

1297 CE: A froce led by William Wallace attacks several English garrisons between the rivers Forth and Tay.

1297 CE: A Scottish army led by William Wallace defeats an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

1298 CE: An English army attacks Scotland.

1298 CE: William Wallace is knighted and made the Guardian of Scotland.

1298 CE: Edward I of England is victorious at the Battle of Falkirk where 20,000 Scots are killed. Stirling Castle is regained.

1299 CE: Edward I of England marries Margaret of France, daughter of Philip III of France.

1300 CE: An English army again attacks Scotland.

1301 CE: Prince Edward, son of Edward I of England, is formally awarded the title of Prince of Wales.

1301 CE: Yet another English army attacks Scotland.

1304 CE: Another English army attacks Scotland and regains control of Stirling Castle.

1305 CE: Sir William Wallace is captured by the English in Glasgow.

1305 CE: The Scottish national leader William Wallace is charged with treason and executed in London.

1306 CE: Robert the Bruce declares himself king of Scotland.

1307 CE: Death of Edward I of England from dysentery.

1308 CE: Edward II of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey.