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1190 CE
1200 CE
1210 CE
1220 CE
1230 CE
1240 CE
1250 CE
1194 CE: Frederick II is born in Jesi, Italy.
1197 CE: Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, Frederick II's father, dies.
1198 CE - 1250 CE: Frederick II rules over Sicily.
1198 CE: Constance of Sicily, Frederick II's mother, dies.
1198 CE - 1208 CE: Philip of Swabia, Frederick II's uncle, rules over Germany.
1208 CE: Philip of Swabia was murdered.
1209 CE: Frederick II marries Constance of Aragon and begins consolidating his hold over Sicily.
1209 CE - 1215 CE: Otto IV rules Germany.
1211 CE: Frederick II's first son, Henry VII, is born.
1215 CE - 1250 CE: Frederick II rules over Germany.
1215 CE: Frederick II defeats Otto IV, with the help of Philip Augustus of France.
1218 CE: Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV dies.
1218 CE: Yolande dies giving birth to Frederick II's second son: Conrad IV.
1220 CE - 1250 CE: Frederick II rules over the Holy Roman Empire.
1220 CE: Frederick II is crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.
1220 CE: Assizes of Capua enacted to gain control over Sicily.
1221 CE: Assizes of Messina enacted.
1222 CE: Frederick II's first wife, Constance of Aragon, dies.
1224 CE: Frederick II establishes the University of Naples.
1225 CE - 1228 CE: Frederick II rules as the king of Jerusalem.
1225 CE: Frederick II marries Yolande/Isabella II of Jerusalem.
1227 CE: Frederick II departs for a Crusade but turns back due to illness.
1228 CE - 1229 CE: The Sixth Crusade is formed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. It achieves through diplomacy Christian control of Jerusalem.
1228 CE: Frederick II arrives in the Levant on the Sixth Crusade.
1229 CE - 1230 CE: Frederick II's first war with the Papacy.
1229 CE: The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Frederick II and al-Kamil to hand over Jerusalem to Christian rule.
1230 CE: Treaty of Cepranno signed between Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX.
1231 CE: Constitutions of Melfi.
1235 CE: Frederick II's son Henry VII revolts in Germany. Revolt is crushed.
1236 CE - 1242 CE: Multiple Mongol armies attack western Asia, Russia, Poland, and Hungary.
1237 CE: Battle of Cortenuova, Frederick II defeats the Lombards.
1241 CE: Battle of Giglio, a decisive naval victory for the imperial fleet of Frederick II against the Genoese.
1241 CE: Rome barely escapes Frederick II's grasp, as Gregory IX dies and the emperor turns back.
1242 CE: Henry VII, King of Germany, dies.
1245 CE: Innocent IV excommunicates and deposes Frederick II.
1248 CE: Battle of Parma, imperial forces of Frederick II are routed by the Lombards.
1249 CE: Battle of Fossalta, imperial forces are defeated by the army of Bologna.
1250 CE: Frederick II dies.
1250 CE: Battle of Cingoli, decisive imperial victory against an invasion force sent to Sicily.