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610 BCE - 546 BCE: Dates of Anaximander who develops the cosmic theory of the apeiron as the First Cause of existence.
585 BCE: Time in which Thales of Miletus lived.
585 BCE: A battle between Media and Lydia broke off immediately as a result of a total eclipse of the sun and the two armies made peace. The eclipse was successfully predicted by Thales of Miletus.
571 BCE - 497 BCE: Life of Pythagoras of Samos; claim that "number" is the First Cause of existence and the soul is immortal.
570 BCE - 478 BCE: Life of Xenophanes of Colophon.
546 BCE: Date of Anaximenes' work; air is claimed as the First Cause of existence.
500 BCE: Heraclitus of Ephesus lives; claims that change is the essence of life and First Cause.
492 BCE - 432 BCE: Life of the philosopher Empidocles of Agrigento.
485 BCE - 415 BCE: Life of the Sophist Protagoras of Abdera; claim that "man is the measure of all things".
469 BCE - 399 BCE: Life of Socrates.
465 BCE: Zeno of Elea flourishes; writes 40 logical paradoxes to support Parmenides' Monist view.
460 BCE - 370 BCE: Life of Democritus, pupil of Leucippus; development of the concept of the atomic universe.
445 BCE: Leucippus of Abdera, the philosopher, is said to have conceived of the atomic universe. His pupil is Democritus.
445 BCE - 365 BCE: Life of Greek Cynic philosopher Antisthenes of Athens.
440 BCE: The Greek philosopher Melissus of Samos is active.
424 BCE - 423 BCE: Plato is born at Athens, Greece.
407 BCE: Plato meets Socrates, abandons aspiration to be playwright.
404 BCE - 323 BCE: Life of Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope.
403 BCE: Plato turns away from politics toward philosophy.
399 BCE: Trial and death of the philosopher Socrates, who taught in the court of the Agora.
384 BCE - 322 BCE: Life of Aristotle.
367 BCE: Aristotle begins studies in Athens at Plato's Academy.
360 BCE - 280 BCE: Life of Greek Philosopher Crates of Thebes.
470 CE - 385 CE: Life of the philosopher Philolaus, active in Magna Graecia.