To navigate the timeline, click and drag it with your mouse, or click on the timeline overview on the bottom.
600 CE
700 CE
800 CE
900 CE
1000 CE
1100 CE
1200 CE
632 CE: Muhammad dies in Medina, not clearly naming a successor to lead the Muslim people.
632 CE - 634 CE: Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.
634 CE - 644 CE: 'Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
637 CE: Muslim invasion of the Levant. The Byzantines are driven out.
644 CE - 656 CE: 'Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
651 CE: Arab Rashidun Caliphate conquers the Sasanian Empire.
656 CE - 661 CE: Ali ibn Abi Talib succeeds Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
680 CE: Husayn ibn Ali, Shia Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.
750 CE: Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate.
750 CE: Start of the Abbasid Caliphate.
756 CE: Abd al-Rahman I establishes the Emirate of Cordoba.
909 CE - 1171 CE: Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt.
1258 CE: The Mongols conquer the Abbasid Caliphate. During this campaign there is the infamous sacking of Baghdad and murder of the caliph.