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630 CE
640 CE
650 CE
632 CE - 633 CE: Ridda Wars (Wars of Apostacy): re-unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the banner of Islam.
632 CE - 634 CE: Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.
634 CE: Battle of Ajnadayn: Muslim invasion of Syria.
634 CE - 644 CE: 'Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
636 CE: Battle of al-Qadisiyya.
636 CE: Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Yarmouk.
637 CE: Muslim invasion of the Levant. The Byzantines are driven out.
638 CE: Umar distributes food during a famine in Arabia.
640 CE: Battle of Heliopolis. Byzantine forces defeated by Umar's general Amr ibn al-Aas.
644 CE - 656 CE: 'Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.