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900 BCE
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300 CE
900 BCE: Sparta is founded.
706 BCE: Sparta founds the colony of Tarentum in Magna Graecia.
700 BCE: Sparta, Argos and Paros hold the first documented musical competitions in Greece.
650 BCE: Sparta crushes Messenian revolt.
550 BCE - 366 BCE: Peloponnesian League alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Elis and Tegea which establishes Spartan hegemony over the Peloponnese.
545 BCE: Sparta takes control of Thyrea from Argos.
525 BCE: Sparta and Corinth unsuccessfully attack Polycrates of Samos.
494 BCE - 493 BCE: Spartan forces under Cleomenes I attack the city of Argos.
494 BCE - 493 BCE: Telesilla of Argos defends her city against the Spartan forces with an army of women.
490 BCE: Leonidas beomes one of Sparta's two kings.
480 BCE: Pausanias is made regent of Sparta for his young cousin Pleistarchus.
480 BCE: Battle of Thermopylae. 300 Spartans under King Leonidas and other Greek allies hold back the Persians led by Xerxes I for three days but are defeated.
479 BCE: Xerxes' Persian forces are defeated by Greek forces at Plataea effectively ending Persia's imperial ambitions in Greece.
478 BCE: Sparta withdraws from alliance against Persia.
475 BCE: Athenian general Cimon defeats Spartan general Pausanias and takes Byzantium.
471 BCE: Spartan general Pausanias is put on trial for the second time with a charge of treason but is acquitted for a second time.
464 BCE - 463 BCE: Earthquake in Sparta, followed by slave revolt. Surrender of Thasos.
460 BCE - 445 BCE: First Peloponnesian War.
457 BCE: Sparta wins the battle of Tanagra during the 1st Peloponnesian War with Athens.
451 BCE: Sparta and Argos sign a peace treaty which endures for the next 30 years.
432 BCE: Sparta declares that Athens has broken the Thirty Year Peace and prepares for war.
431 BCE - 404 BCE: The 2nd Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League) which involved all of Greece.
431 BCE - 404 BCE: Thebes sides with Sparta against Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
430 BCE - 354 BCE: Life of Xenophon of Athens.
429 BCE: Peloponnesian forces led by Sparta begin the siege of Plataea.
429 BCE: Following attacks by Sparta, fortifications at the port of Piraeus are extended to reduce the width of the harbour entrances.
427 BCE: Plataea finally falls to the Spartans after a two year siege.
425 BCE: Pylos campaign, under Cleon and Demosthenes' command Athens defeats Sparta at Pylos.
424 BCE - 420 BCE: The Nike of Paionios is erected at Olympia to commemorate the Messenian and Naupaktian victory over Sparta at the battle of Sphakteria.
424 BCE: Spartan Brasidas' campaign in Thrace.
424 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas takes Amphipolis, Thucydides failed to prevent this and is exiled.
424 BCE: A force of Athenian peltasts defeat Spartan hoplites on Sphaktria in the Peloponnese.
422 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas dies of his wounds at Amphipolis.
422 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas employs Myrkinian and Chalkidian peltasts to defeat a force of Athenian hoplites at Amphipolis.
421 BCE: Spartan soldiers return from campaigning Thrace, some as Neodamodeis.
420 BCE: Sparta is excluded from the Olympic Games for breaking the ekecheiria or sacred truce.
418 BCE: Sparta, led by Agis II, defeats Argos and her allies at the battle of Mantinaea.
413 BCE: On the advice of Alcibiades the Spartans take over the Athenian-held fort of Dekeleia.
412 BCE: The Spartan general Astyochus sacks Kos.
412 BCE: Rhodes revolts against Athens and supports Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
412 BCE: Sparta allies with Persia.
410 BCE: Alcibiades leads the Athenian fleet to victory over Sparta at Cyzicus.
408 BCE: Lysander is first made an admiral of the Spartan fleet.
407 BCE: The Athenian fleet is defeated by Lysander of Sparta at Notium.
404 BCE: Spartan general Lysander attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus destroying parts of the Long Wall fortifications.
404 BCE: End of the Peloponnesian war, Athens defeated By Sparta at Aigospotamoi, Rule of the Thirty Tyrants in Athens.
398 BCE: Xenophon works as mercenary for Sparta.
396 BCE: Spartan Agesilaus II's campaign into Ionia.
395 BCE - 386 BCE: The Corinthian Wars between Sparta and an alliance of Athens, Corinth, Argos, Boeotia and Thebes.
395 BCE: Spartan general Lysander is killed by Theban forces at the Battle of Hallartos.
390 BCE: Athenian leader Iphikrates employs peltasts to defeat Spartan hoplites at Lechaion near Corinth.
387 BCE: Sparta attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus.
382 BCE - 379 BCE: Sparta establishes a garrison at Thebes.
379 BCE: Pelopidas removes the Spartan garrison from the Theban acropolis.
378 BCE - 377 BCE: Spartan king Agesilaus II campaigns in Boeotia.
377 BCE - 355 BCE: The Cycladic city states join Athens in the Second Athenian League against Sparta .
375 BCE: Thebes defeats Sparta at the Battle of Tegyra.
371 BCE: Thebes, led by Epaminondas, defeats Sparta in the Battle of Leuctra.
367 BCE: Celtic mercenaries fight with the Spartans against Thebes.
362 BCE: Indecisive Battle of Matinea where Thebes fought against Sparta and Athens. Theban general Epaminondas is killed.
295 BCE: Demetrius I campaigns in central Greece, removes the tyrant Lachares from Athens and defeats Sparta.
273 BCE: Pyrrhus of Epirus attacks Macedon and Sparta.
222 BCE: The Achaean League and Antigonos III of Macedon defeat Sparta at Sellasia.
267 CE: The Goths sack Athens, Corinth, Sparta, and Argos.
396 CE: Sparta is sacked by the Visigoths led by Alaric.