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1500 BCE
1400 BCE
1300 BCE
1200 BCE
1100 BCE
1000 BCE
900 BCE
800 BCE
700 BCE
600 BCE
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1500 BCE - 500 CE: The Gandhara Civilization flourishes in what is today the northern portion of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
520 BCE - 325 CE: Achaemenid rule in the Gandhara region.
325 BCE - 320 BCE: Greek rule in Gandhara, ending some time after the death of Alexander the Great.
320 BCE - 180 BCE: Mauryan rule in the Gandhara region, beginning with Chandragupta Maurya.
80 BCE - 75 CE: The combined Scytho-Parthians rule Gandhara.
75 CE - 450 CE: Kushan rule in the Gandhara region, arguably the golden era of the Gandhara civilization in which art, architecture and the propagation of the Buddhist religion excelled.