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The Iran Wars: Spy Games, Bank Battles, and the Secret Deals That Reshaped the Middle East Hardcover – August 23, 2016

by Jay Solomon (Author)

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From the Wall Street Journal reporter who’s been breaking news on the historic and potentially disastrous Iran nuclear deal comes a deeply reported exploration of the country’s decades-long power struggle with the United States—for readers of Steve Coll’s Ghost Wars and Lawrence Wright’s The Looming Tower

For more than a decade, the United States has been engaged in a war with Iran as momentous as any other in the Middle East—a war all the more significant as it has largely been hidden from public view. Through a combination of economic sanctions, global diplomacy, and intelligence work, successive U.S. administrations have struggled to contain Iran’s aspirations to become a nuclear power and dominate the region—what many view as the most serious threat to peace in the Middle East. Meanwhile, Iran has used regional instability to its advantage to undermine America’s interests. The Iran Wars is an absorbing account of a battle waged on many levels—military, financial, and covert.

Jay Solomon’s book is the product of extensive in-depth reporting and interviews with all the key players in the conflict—from high-ranking Iranian officials to Secretary of State John Kerry and his negotiating team. With a reporter’s masterly investigative eye and the narrative dexterity of a great historian, Solomon shows how Iran’s nuclear development went unnoticed for years by the international community only to become its top security concern. He catalogs the blunders of both the Bush and Obama administrations as they grappled with how to engage Iran, producing a series of both carrots and sticks. And he takes us inside the hotel suites where the 2015 nuclear agreement was negotiated, offering a frank assessment of the uncertain future of the U.S.-Iran relationship.

This is a book rife with revelations, from the secret communications between the Obama administration and the Iranian government to dispatches from the front lines of the new field of financial warfare. For readers of Steve Coll’s Ghost Wars and Lawrence Wright’s The Looming Tower, The Iran Wars exposes the hidden history of a conflict most Americans don’t even realize is being fought, but whose outcome could have far-reaching geopolitical implications.

Praise for The Iran Wars

“The use of the word ‘wars,’ plural, in the title of this illuminating book tells the story: U.S.-Iranian relations have been troubled for many years. This deeply researched account of negotiations and their implications makes an important contribution to understanding the short- and long-term consequences of how we manage this difficult relationship.”—George P. Shultz, former secretary of state

“An illuminating, deeply reported account from one of the best journalists writing about the Middle East today. Jay Solomon’s The Iran Wars offers a front-row view of the spy games, assassinations, political intrigue and high-stakes diplomacy that have defined relations with one of America’s most cunning and dangerous foes.”—Joby Warrick, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS

“A thorough yet concise survey of Iran’s buildup of nuclear technology since the 1980s, its troubling exporting of Shiite insurgency in countries around it, and the changing American reaction. Wall Street Journal chief foreign affairs correspondent [Jay] Solomon offers an evenhanded look at the backdoor schemes involving the building of Iran’s nuclear weapons and the world players involved in and against its machinations.”—Kirkus Reviews (Starred Review)

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Editorial Reviews

Review

Advance praise for The Iran Wars

“The use of the word ‘wars,’ plural, in the title of this illuminating book tells the story: U.S.-Iranian relations have been troubled for many years. This deeply researched account of negotiations and their implications makes an important contribution to understanding the short- and long-term consequences of how we manage this difficult relationship.”—George P. Shultz, former Secretary of State

“An illuminating, deeply reported account from one of the best journalists writing about the Middle East today. Jay Solomon’s The Iran Wars offers a front-row view of the spy games, assassinations, political intrigue and high-stakes diplomacy that have defined relations with one of America’s most cunning and dangerous foes.”—Joby Warrick, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS

“A thorough yet concise survey of Iran’s buildup of nuclear technology since the 1980s, its troubling exporting of Shiite insurgency in countries around it, and the changing American reaction. Wall Street Journal chief foreign affairs correspondent [Jay] Solomon offers an evenhanded look at the backdoor schemes involving the building of Iran’s nuclear weapons and the world players involved in and against its machinations. . . . In addition to in-depth research, Solomon enlists his own countless interviews and extensive on-site reporting to provide a sound, timely, authoritative exposé.”—Kirkus Reviews (Starred Review)

About the Author

Jay Solomon was the chief foreign affairs correspondent for The Wall Street Journal. For nearly two decades, he’s written from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, including stints in Jakarta, Indonesia; Seoul, South Korea; New Delhi, India; and Washington, D.C. The Wall Street Journal nominated him for three Pulitzer Prizes.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

The Persian Domino

In the northern hills of Tehran lies a tribute to the Islamic Republic’s war dead. The Holy Defense Museum is a multimillion-dollar facility founded in 2004 that chronicles the violent campaign Iran’s Islamist leaders have waged in their region, beginning with the 1979 Islamic revolution. While memorializing the fallen, the monument also looks to Iran’s future goals, documenting Tehran’s obsession with establishing a new world order based on Islamic principles and its opposition to the United States, Zionism, and Western values as a whole.

At the front of the facility, trash cans wrapped in Israeli flags and human skulls line a walkway. Tanks captured during Iran’s eight-year war with Iraq are on display. Exhibits herald the republic’s growing military might, with replicas of Iran’s long-range Shahab missiles pointed to the sky and fighter aircraft that appear poised for takeoff.

Starting with the museum’s main hall, a guide takes visitors through the chaotic final days of the revolution and the overthrow of Iran’s last monarch, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. One exhibit tracks the day-by-day story of the Iranian students who held fifty-two American diplomats hostage for 444 days at the U.S. embassy. Galleries vividly recount the lives of the hundreds of thousands of Iranians who died fighting Saddam Hussein’s forces during the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq War. Three-dimensional holographs of Iran’s martyrs eerily stare down visitors as they pass by. It’s an illustration, says the guide, that the fallen continue to watch and protect the living.

The Holy Defense Museum is a monument to Iranian nationalism, the Islamic revolution, and the country’s historic role as the self-declared greatest historical power in the Middle East. Maps of the original Persian Empire show neighboring countries, such as Bahrain and Azerbaijan, as they are meant to be in the eyes of Tehran—under Iran’s writ. The Islamic Republic’s founder, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, is honored as one of the world’s greatest theologians. His successor, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, seen in photographs and videos, preaches the ideals of the revolution to supplicants and world leaders.

Beneath this patriotism, however, the visitor confronts the repeated mantra that Iran has been wronged and persecuted throughout its history, particularly by its Arab neighbors in collusion with the West. A section dedicated to Saddam Hussein characterizes the Iraqi leader as the tyrannical face of the Arabs who were committed to destroying Iran’s revolution from its earliest days. A photo of Saddam in his olive-green fatigues shaking hands with former U.S. defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld in 1983 is a reminder of their collaboration, the guide says. (During the height of the Iran-Iraq War the Reagan administration supplied intelligence to Baghdad that Saddam then used to launch chemical weapons attacks against Iranian targets.)

“How could you have worked with Saddam?” a guide named Mehdi asks me, an American, as we stare up at a photograph of the Iraqi dictator. The picture has been altered so that half his face is bathed in a satanic red. “You then had to fight him yourselves!”

Outside, on a concrete strip overlooking Tehran, sits the most chilling exhibit, the ghostly remains of four sedans once owned by Iranian nuclear scientists who were blown up or shot by hooded assassins. The cars are wrapped in white shrouds with red dye seeping through the fabric. Red tulips, an Iranian symbol of martyrs, stick out through the windows. Photos of the scientists peer out at visitors.

Massoud Alimohammadi was murdered when a remote-controlled bomb detonated near his car on January 12, 2010, in Tehran. The fifty-one-year-old, according to the gold-plated plaque displayed near his photo and car, was working as a university professor when agents from Israel’s intelligence service, the Mossad, killed him. The scientist was devout and never took actions in life “without deep understanding and complete study,” reads the inscription.

Darioush Rezaienejad was shot six times in his car in 2011 by two alleged Mossad assassins, says the plaque. The thirty-four-year-old was a research director in nuclear physics at a Tehran university who was clever and kind and who respected his parents. He died “in the presence of his wife and little daughter.”

Here, Iran’s defiance against its enemies through its commitment to its nuclear program is on full display. The head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, a U.S.-educated scientist named Ali Akbar Salehi, inaugurated the grisly exhibit when it opened in 2012. A former foreign minister, Salehi was seen as a relative moderate in Iran’s theocratic system by American and European diplomats. But the scientist’s words underscored his commitment to Iran’s revolution and global struggle. “The memorial to the innocent nuclear martyrs is an image of honorable victors and chivalric offspring of science and technology . . . against the cruelty of global arrogance headed by the U.S. and Zionism,” he said.

The diplomacy Barack Obama and John Kerry were pursuing in 2013 was challenged not just by Iran and words such as Salehi’s, and not just by opposition from U.S. allies including Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, but by history itself. Thirty-five years of frozen relations since the 1979 Islamic revolution have created a generation of Americans and Iranians who have known only conflict. In that time, the bureaucracies in both countries have become entrenched and invested in containing the other side.

The Iranian revolution in 1979 altered U.S. foreign policy in a way that few other events in our time have. Gone almost overnight was the shah, Washington’s closest Mideast ally outside Israel, who helped safeguard the nearly 40 percent of the world’s oil supply that moved through the Persian Gulf. In his place emerged a theocratic government that was fundamentally opposed to Western capitalism, democracy, and foreign policy and was committed by its ideology to fomenting revolutions in Muslim countries across the Middle East as well as Central and South Asia. There were parallels in the Iranian threat to that posed by Soviet communism. Both relied on heavy promotion and investment in a radical ideology and support for militant proxies internationally.

U.S. animosity toward Iran was seared into the American collective conscious from the early days of the revolution because of the attacks on American military advisors and the capture of the U.S. hostages. The embassy seizure in Tehran is widely viewed as having put an end to President Jimmy Carter’s reelection hopes in 1980. And it fed into a sense of despondency and hopelessness in the United States following the Vietnam War—a time also marked by economic malaise, sky-high oil prices, and the Soviet Union’s territorial advances.

The Iranian regime is driven by an Islamist ideology that sees the United States as its principal rival for dominance in the Middle East. Furthermore, while a president is elected every four years in Tehran, the country’s power rests almost solely in the hands of its supreme leader. This cleric directly controls the country’s most powerful military force, the Revolutionary Guard, and oversees clerical bodies that manage the judiciary, the legislature, and the executive. The president may be the public face of the regime, but that’s about it.

During the shah’s rule, the United States built Iran into its staunchest ally in the Persian Gulf and a policeman of the region’s oil traffic. Washington sent billions of dollars in arms to the Iranian monarchy and showered the country with U.S. loans and development experts from American universities, the State Department, and the World Bank. President Obama’s closest political advisor, Valerie Jarrett, lived in Iran in the 1950s when her father ran a children’s hospital in the city of Shiraz. The United States, ironically, lent support to a nuclear program the shah pursued in partnership with the German conglomerate Siemens AG. The ruler touted the economic benefits of nuclear power, though he also hinted at its military application. Tehran’s Islamist government inherited the nuclear sites, but it appeared initially uncertain about using them.

Product details

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Random House; First Edition (August 23, 2016)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 352 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0812993640
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0812993646
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.31 pounds
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.4 x 1.1 x 9.6 inches

Best Sellers Rank: #1,150,018 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #411 in Iran History
- #567 in Nuclear Weapons & Warfare History (Books)
- #1,599 in Middle Eastern Politics

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Allen Roth

Breathtaking Revelations on How How U.S. Empowered Iran

Reviewed in the United States on September 5, 2016

Verified Purchase

Breathtaking Revelations of How Iran Won

Jay Solomon is a Wall Street Journal reporter who covered the war in Iraq and the Iran nuclear negotiations. With a reporter's objectivity, Solomon documents serious miscalculations by the Bush and Obama Administrations that have solidified the political standing of the radical Islamic regime in Iran. To his credit, Solomon explains how the Bush Administration started down the road to expanding Iran's influence in the Middle East.

Solomon documents the failure of the Bush Administration to prepare for an Iranian takeover in Iraq after the United States toppled Saddam Hussein. The strategists in the Bush Administration thought toppling Saddam would put undermine Iran. Instead Iran gobbled up most of Iraq. One Bush official, Michael Rubin blew the whistle on the Iran takeover but his superiors ignored him.

Israel tried to divert Bush from targeting Iraq by revealing that Iran had the only advanced nuclear program in the region. But Bush continued on the disastrous course of invading Iraq.

The new Obama Administration came to office looking to repair relations with Iran, at any price. This led to Obama turning his back on the millions of Iranians protesting against the despotic regime of the Ayatollahs. Obama, Clinton, Kerry convinced themselves that Iran would become a force for peace if the United States brought Iran into the community of nations by showering it with economic rewards and concluding a nuclear arms deal.

During the nuclear talks Iran received $700 million a month. Solomon shows how this infusion of money helped the Ayatollahs save their country from economic catastrophe. Consummation of the nuclear deal led to the Islamic Republic receiving an additional $150 billion dollars. It also guaranteed that Iran could develop nuclear weapons legally.

Contrary to statements by the Obama Administration, the nuclear deal has not brought moderates to power in Iran. Iran continues to be the largest State sponsor of terrorism in the world.

Solomon shows how Obama's commitment to a wrong headed view of Iran's intentions is endangering our country. He describes Obama as having an "obsessive commitment" to the nuclear deal which "ranks among the riskiest diplomatic bets made by an American President in modern U.S. history." At this stage Iran is clearly reaping the benefits of the deal.

Solomon does a superb job explaining Iran's expanding influence in Syria and the diminishing of American influence in the Middle East. Iran and Russia are the big winners in the wake of Obama's policies.

The Iran Wars is a valuable guide to America's descend into chaos in the Middle East.

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Thom Seaton

Excellent history with a slight, but important omission.

Reviewed in the United States on March 26, 2017

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The background to the JCPOA is excellent as is his well-sourced discussion of the negotiations. My only negative comment about this well written book is that it failed to detail in lay terms the rights given to Iran to substantially advance it's nuclear ambitions. The question is: what is the breakout time in 10, now 9 years.

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CMaximus

The Hidden Background of the Iran Deal

Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2017

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Wall Street Journal chief foreign affairs correspondent Jay Solomon chronicles the sea-change shift in American foreign policy toward Iran, leading to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action or simply “Iran Deal.” Prior to the second Obama Administration, American officials mostly unapologetically deployed American economic might against any foreign nation or business who chose to do business with Iran. Solomon details the shift in US policy which began the day Barack Obama was first inaugurated. While the U.S. Congress continued to insist on sanctions, Obama began to openly foreswear the Bush Administration’s pressure for regime change in Iran in favor of a softer, more accommodating position. This shift in approach from a hardline, “we will not talk to evil” stance to a position which accommodated almost any Iranian demand is detailed here.

The Iran Wars does a masterful job of exposing the Obama Administration’s “sales job” of the P5+1 Iran deal, much of it hidden from the public, highlighted by unprecedented concessions from the West—and repeated denial of such concessions. This is a crucial work in the spirit of keeping the actual facts of the Iran deal exposed as opposed to the Obama Administration’s spin. With a new American President on the horizon and Iranian aggression continuing unabated by the terms of the deal, this debate will continue to erupt. I compare this book favorably with All the President’s Men and Veil, landmark works in exposing Presidential obfuscation and deception.

While The Iran Wars covers the entire period of U.S.-Iran relations from the revelation of Iran’s pursuing a nuclear capability, the principle revelations of this book concern the “secret deals” between Iran and the White House leading to the 2015 agreement. Solomon castigates the Obama Administration’s naiveté in dealing with Iran, agreeing with the opinion of a senior Israeli official who declared, “The White House bet the farm on reaching an accommodation with the Iranians, but they never truly understood who they were dealing with” Barack Obama, to his credit, understands this. Solomon quotes Obama admitting only weeks after the deal was signed: “Look, 20 years from now I’m still going to be around, God willing. If Iran has a nuclear weapon, it’s my name on this.” (p.297)

3 people found this helpful

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Kindle Customer

Oh, sometimes sanctions do work.

Reviewed in the United States on January 19, 2017

Verified Purchase

This is about the sanctions and machinations that led the U.S. to the controversial, 2016 Vienna nuclear-peace negotiation with Iran. As complicated as the whole thing was it still is only the end residue of a long bloody shooting war with Iran that started in 1980s. This book needs to be read with others about the real war.

2 people found this helpful

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Arthur M. Marcussen

Intriguing read!

Reviewed in the United States on July 8, 2017

Verified Purchase

The author had access to seemingly all or most of the key players in the ongoing saga of our attempts to contain Iran's radical clerics. The most recent example of us wanting a deal so bad we (Kerry and Obama) could taste it (along with the claims of making a deal with one of the most dangerous states in our time) are detailed here. A very good description of our recent history with Iran is also described by the author along with so many of the players in and out of government who affected our decision-making in forming policy towards Iran.
A must read for those who are interested in the threats posed by Iran and how we have attempted to address them.

3 people found this helpful

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Jason D. Sands

Good overview

Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2020

Verified Purchase

This is a good overview of US-Iran relations and of the negotiation process surrounding the Obama Administration’s Iran nuclear deal.

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Sassy68

Great for any history buff!

Reviewed in the United States on December 22, 2022

Verified Purchase

Very informative and educational.

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Matteo D.

Excellent book!

Reviewed in Italy on September 23, 2017

Verified Purchase

This book gives to the reader an excellent-and very accurate–view of the Iran question. It recounts the US–Iran relations from the 1979 hostage crisis to the JCPOA, through a very critical perspective. I strongly suggest this book if you want to know something more about this complicated issue!

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Amir

Five Stars

Reviewed in Canada on March 29, 2017

Verified Purchase

Very good read. a lot of materials.

Dr.Ravindran pranatharthy

... Solomon is a racy and pleasant read and goes like a crime thriller

Reviewed in India on January 14, 2017

Verified Purchase

The Book by Jay Solomon is a racy and pleasant read and goes like a crime thriller. Facts often sound like fiction. The book brims with information that one will not get by reading newspapers and watching television. The Author has done a marvelous job. His narartive of the rise, fall and re-rise of an ancient power now called Iran with its historical memories of previous greatness which consequent to the post-ottoman break-up of middle east is hemmed in by artificially created countries ( not their fault) with fierce tribal independence and endemic power ambitions is a fascinating tale of a future unfolding slowly before us. Iran seeks (like other powers such as Russia or China) to dominate a la ancient Persia and has co-opted mesopotamian hostility to the hebrew civilization. The nuclear tango in the middle east is what the book is about essentially. Any regime in Iran whether of Islamic hardliners or Secular is likely to feel the reverberations of history and will pursue the nuclear option which can make an ordinary country like Pakistan or North Korea a power to reckon with across the globe. Opinion is divided on the Obama legacy in postponing the day of nuclear reckoning in the Middle East an ancient theatre of unceasing history and tribal rivalry. The book offers stark reality amid disconcerting prognosis. The great civilizations of the middle east can live in peace only by agreeing to live and let live.

3 people found this helpful

SledgeHammer

Four Stars

Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 12, 2016

Verified Purchase

Just about sums up Obama's legacy

Joe Franco

We are doomed

Reviewed in Australia on December 14, 2016

Verified Purchase

Easy to read for someone that prefers tv documentaries then books.
It is a very interesting issue. I was not awere who weak the americans are.
Cheers

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