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Map of the Mediterranean 218 BCE
A map of the Mediterranean in 218 BC, showing the territorial extents of the following states:
- Antigonids
- Attalids
- Carthage
- Ptolemies
- Roman Empire
- Seleucids
Major battle locations are also shown.
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Trade Routes in the Ancient Mediterranean
A map illustrating the boundaries, spheres of influence, and the flow of trade around the Mediterranean Sea between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE.
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Map of the Mediterranean 550 BC
A map of the Mediterranean around 550 BC, showing the major cultures:
Greece and its colonies
Phoenicia and its colonies
Lydia
Egypt
Persia
Thrace
Illyria
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The Western Mediterranean 264 BCE
Map of the western Mediterranean at the time of the First Punic War in 264 BCE.
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Bronze Age Mediterranean Invasions & Migrations
A map of the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean indicating the various invasions and migrations of the period.
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An Illustrated Map of the Mediterranean from 700 BCE to 500 CE (From the Novel "The Jericho River")
An illustrated map of the Mediterranean from 700 BCE to 500 CE. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.
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North Africa’s Place in the Mediterranean Economy of Late Antiquity
The Mediterranean Sea was the economic focal point of the Roman Empire. Rome's armies first established an empire across these waters beginning back in the times of the Roman Republic. In 200 CE, the Mediterranean was still the channel that...
Definition
Pirates in the Ancient Mediterranean
Piracy, defined as the act of attacking and robbing a ship or port by sea, had a long history in the ancient Mediterranean stretching from the time of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten (r. 1353-1336 BCE) and throughout the Middle Ages (c. 476-1500...
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Greek and Phoenician Colonization
Both the ancient Greeks and Phoenicians extensively colonized vast areas of Europe, along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. In doing so, they spread their culture, which strongly influenced the local tribes. For the Greeks, this is...
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The Roman Republic before the Mithridatic Wars, c. 90 BCE
A map illustrating the geopolitical landscape in the Mediterranean on the eve of the Mithridatic Wars (88 - 63 BCE). The aftermath of the Punic Wars had left Rome the dominant power in the Mediterranean - with Roman rule extending from the...