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Sea Peoples
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sea Peoples

The Sea Peoples were a confederacy of naval raiders who harried the coastal towns and cities of the Mediterranean region between c. 1276-1178 BCE, concentrating their efforts especially on Egypt. They are considered one of the major contributing...
Italy
Definition by Jan van der Crabben

Italy

The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three peninsulas of Southern Europe (the other two being the Iberian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula), spanning 1,000 km from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean...
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Definition by James Hancock

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an eyewitness account of ancient travel to Africa and India via the Red Sea written by an unknown Greek-speaking Egyptian author in the 1st century CE. In this detailed account, the conditions of the...
Aegean
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Aegean

The Aegean Sea lies between the coast of Greece and Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It contains over 2,000 islands which were settled by the ancient Greeks; the largest among them being Crete (Kriti) and the best known and most often photographed...
Scythian Territorial Expanse
Article by Patrick Scott Smith, M. A.

Scythian Territorial Expanse

With 7600 perimeter miles (12,231 km), the Scythians roamed and ruled over an astonishing 1.5 million mi² (2.4 million km²) of territory between the 7th and 3rd centuries BCE. Although building an empire was never in their interest, Scythian...
Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian
Image by UB Basel

Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian

Beginning of the Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian of Nicomedia, Johann Froben and Nicolaus Episcopius, Basel 1533. Basel University Library. The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Latin: Periplus Ponti Euxini, Greek: Períplous toû Euxeínou...
Palestine
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Palestine

Palestine in the ancient world was part of the region known as Canaan where the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah were located. The term `Palestine' was originally a designation of an area of land in southern Canaan which the people known as the...
Bronze Age Collapse
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Bronze Age Collapse

The Bronze Age Collapse (also known as Late Bronze Age Collapse) is a modern-day term referring to the decline and fall of major Mediterranean civilizations during the 13th-12th centuries BCE. The precise cause of the Bronze Age Collapse...
Periplus of the Euxine Sea
Article by Carole Raddato

Periplus of the Euxine Sea

The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Circumnavigation of the Black Sea) is a description of trade routes along the shores of the Black Sea written by Arrian of Nicomedia (Lucius Flavius Arrianus), a historian and philosopher writing in the early...
Ancient Egyptian Warfare
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Egyptian Warfare

The Narmer Palette, an ancient Egyptian ceremonial engraving, depicts the great king Narmer (c. 3150 BCE) conquering his enemies with the support and approval of his gods. This piece, dating from c. 3200-3000 BCE, was initially thought to...
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