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Gordian Emperors
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Gordian Emperors

When Maximinus Thrax was named Roman emperor upon the death of Alexander Severus, the news was not well-received by many in Rome and the Roman Senate considered him an illiterate barbarian. His financial excesses, principally used to fund...
The Barracks Emperors
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Barracks Emperors

The “Barracks Emperors” is a term coined by later historians referring to the Roman emperors who were chosen and supported by the army during the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284...
Maximinus Thrax
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Maximinus Thrax

Maximinius Thrax ruled briefly as the Roman emperor from 235 CE to his death in 238 CE. The young Roman Emperor Alexander Severus secured the imperial throne after the assassination of his cousin Elagabalus by the Praetorian Guard in 222...
Villa of the Gordians - Ancient Rome Live
Video by American Institute for Roman Culture

Villa of the Gordians - Ancient Rome Live

The Gordian Villa is an impressive series of builds that span both sides of the Via Praenestina. It is attributed to the Gordian family, with Roman emperors Gordian I, Gordian II, and Gordian III. Many of the structures were reused in the...
Visual Chronology of Roman Emperors: Augustus to Constantine
Article by Mark Cartwright

Visual Chronology of Roman Emperors: Augustus to Constantine

The Julio-Claudian Dynasty Augustus 16 Jan 27 BCE - 19 Aug 14 CE Tiberius 18 Sep 14 CE - 16 Mar 37 CE Caligula 18 Mar 37 CE - 24 Jan 41 CE Claudius 25 Jan 41 CE - 13 Oct 54 CE Nero 13 Oct 54 CE - 11 Jun 68 CE Galba 8 Jun...
Faces of Roman Emperors: Imperial Crisis & the Barracks Emperors
Image Gallery by Arienne King

Faces of Roman Emperors: Imperial Crisis & the Barracks Emperors

A series of facial reconstructions of Roman emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE), including the Gordian Emperors. These so-called "Barracks emperors" seized power during a time of turmoil, and their reigns...
Gordian I
Image by Mark Cartwright

Gordian I

A marble bust of Roman emperor Gordian I who reigned in 238 CE. (Capitoline Museums, Rome)
Philip the Arab
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Philip the Arab

Philip the Arab ruled as emperor of the Roman Empire briefly from 244 CE to 249 CE. In 244 CE Roman emperor Gordian III responded to an uprising in the eastern provinces instigated by the Persian king Shapur. Under the superb leadership of...
Shapur I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Shapur I

Shapur I (r. 240-270 CE) is considered one of the greatest kings of the Sassanian Empire for expanding his realm, his policy of religious tolerance, building projects, and committing the Zoroastrian scriptures (Avesta) to writing. He was...
Gordian III (Facial Reconstruction)
Image by Daniel Voshart

Gordian III (Facial Reconstruction)

A photorealistic reconstruction of what the Roman emperor Gordian III (r. 238-244 CE) may have looked like. Based on contemporary and near contemporary descriptions, as well as archaeological evidence. Pictured alongside the reconstruction...
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